Critical Issues and Origins of the Brain Drain from Pakistan

Abstract

Scientific migration is a contentious and divisive topic within the Italian context.In abundance of scholarly research, news broadcasts, and newspaper articles attest to its validity. In contrast to the more contemporary terminologies "brain circulation" and "brain exchange," which are commonly employed to delineate scientific migrations among various European economies, the term "brain drain" is employed with a specific intent. A "brain drain" occurs when individuals with advanced degrees migrate from one nation to another. A comparative analysis of the primary challenges associated with characterizing the phenomenon of Italian scientific migration is presented in this essay. It provides a comparison-based approach to determining the underlying causes of the departure of talented individuals from Italy.This study provides a more comprehensive analysis of the correlation between the perspectives articulated by MOBEX project participants and the media portrayals of the phenomena being investigated, surpassing the findings of previous research. The primary objective of the MOBEX initiative is to investigate the correlation between quality and mobility in physical and natural science-related fields.This enables a methodical examination of the primary barriers impeding scientific mobility in Italy.By juxtaposing the testimonies of migrant scientists with media coverage, one can acquire a holistic comprehension of the distinctive attributes associated with this specific form of emigration.The overall depth of the analysis is enhanced by the similarities and distinctions that exist between these two classifications of social agents.

Keywords: brain circulation, specific form of emigration, brain exchange.